How do 2-dimensional dot pattern "bar-codes" work?

How do 2-dimensional dot pattern “bar-codes” work?
It is easy to see how optical scanners can read the “regular” UPC barcodes (arrays of bars of different widths and separation) that have been used for years on most retail items . But some identification systems now seem to use labels that look like a random pattern of dots. How do these work? If you read such a pattern with the usual criss-cross pattern of laser beams seems you will miss most of the dots…

Best answer:

these are read with basic images. rather than crossing a laser beam across it, a “photograph” of the pattern is taken, and a binary code can be read using the light and dark areas of the pattern.

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